Stvarno su genijalci: Novi dokaz da su psi i pametniji nego što mislimo

Neki talentirani psi mogu naučiti nove riječi nakon što su ih čuli samo četiri puta, pokazalo je novo istraživanje. Većina pasa ne nauči riječi bez intenzivnog treninga, no tim znanstvenika otkrio je da neki psi imaju “iznimne sposobnosti”.

Znanstvenici sa sveučilišta Eötvös Loránd u Budimpešti proučavali su dva nadarena psa – graničarskog kolija Whiskyja i jorkširsku terijerku Vicky Ninu te ispitivali njihovu sposobnost učenja novih riječi nakon što ih čuju samo četiri puta.

Željeli smo otkriti pod kojim uvjetima nadareni psi mogu naučiti nove riječi. Kako bismo to ispitali izložili smo Whiskyja i Vicky Ninu novim riječima u dva različita uvjeta, rekla je Claudia Fugazza, autorica studije i znanstvenica s katedre za etologiju. Jedan je scenarij obuhvaćao zadaće koje traže eliminaciju pri izboru, a drugi je bio unutar društvenog, razigranog konteksta s vlasnicima.

U oba slučaja psi su čuli naziv igračke samo četiri puta, rekla je Fugazza. Bilo im je ponuđeno sedam starih igračaka i jedna nova i psi su uspijevali odabrati novu igračku kad im je rečeno njezino ime. Znanstvenici kažu da to dokazuje da psi mogu odabrati isključivanjem – kad su suočeni s novim riječima, odabiru i uzmu samo igračku koja nema njima poznato ime.

Kad su psima ponudili dvije novoimenovane igračke i tražili da donesu jednu od njih, psi nisu uspijevali ispuniti zadatak. Znanstvenici su uočili da su oba psa mogla identificirati i donijeti novoimenovane igračke nakon što su u igri od svojih vlasnika čuli to novo ime samo četiri puta.

Takvo brzo učenje čini se da je slično načinu na koji djeca usvajaju vokabular u dobi od dvije do tri godine, kaže Adam Miklósi, voditelj katedre za etologiju i koautor studije. No, ne uči svi psi nove riječi tako.

Istraživanjem koje je obuhvatilo drugih 20 pasa znanstvenici su utvrdili da nijedan nije naučio nazive novih igračaka. Stoga je zaključeno da je bez formalnog treninga sposobnost brzog učenja riječi vrlo rijetka i svojstvena samo vrlo nadarenim psima.

Znanstvenici su utvrdili i da su i Whisky i Vicky Nina vrlo brzo zaboravili imena novih igračaka, u nekim slučajevima već nakon sat vremena. Rezultati istraživanja objavljeni su u časopisu Scientific Reports.

(TIP/Hina/Foto: Getty Images)

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